Criminology

Introduction
There has been the emergence of a Criminology of the dangerous other and talk about crime using the language of warfare and defense. Social solutions have given way to economic solutions. Welfarist Criminology, with its focus upon social deprivation, has been displaced by a new Criminology which stresses choice and control. Crime control has come to be viewed as a problem of penal disincentives, risk management and situational engineering, rather than a work of social justice or individual reform. Old welfarist ideals of Assist, Advise, and Befriend have been abandoned. The concern to reduce crime and monitor human behavior with new electronic technologies in the tracking society Therefore, it is emblematic perhaps of contemporary culture that each of the realities identified in the neo-liberal order offers the promises of escape from, rather   than a deepened understanding of criminality. Those who do not conform to the neoliberal dream appear to have been shunted into a non-participative discourse, bounded by surveillance or the more palatable yet closely related discourse of policy and professional monitoring in criminal justice. Hopkins Burke, consider that “as the empirical science of crime, criminology has concentrated on criminogenic issues, that is, those things thought to cause crime by definition, by situation or by compulsion”. Throughout the years, the mainstream of research on crime has focused on criminal motivation, the desire or compulsion to commit crime. Two perspectives emerged: while some researchers view criminal motivation as something inherent in criminals, the product of some internal cause, others see it as the product of forces external to the individual, the pressures of the social and economical environment shaping criminal behavior in some individuals and law-abiding behavior in others.
Strengths and weakness of Rational and Predestined Actor Model

Strengths

Rational and predestine actor models views crime and...