Unit 533

UNIT 533

1.1

The causes of dementia are still not yet fully understood.   Research in this area is ongoing and a number of types of dementia and their causes have been identified.   The brain is divided up into different areas that control different functions within the body.   The brain contains around 100 billion cells, in dementia some of these cells stop working.   The part of the brain in which this occurs will affect hot the person thinks, remembers and communicates.

Alzheimer’s disease is the most common cause of dementia.   It is responsible for two-thirds of dementia in older people.   Alzheimer’s is caused by the nerve cells dying in certain areas of the brain.   As the disease progresses it spreads and affects cells in other parts of the brain.

Vascular dementia is a form of dementia caused by damage to the brain through deprivation of oxygenated blood.   Oxygenated blood is carried around your body and brain through arteries.   Deoxygenated blood is carried by veins.   The arteries and veins make up the vascular system.   When an organ is deprived of blood, part or all of it will die.   This is what happens to the brain in vascular dementia.  

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is a form of dementia caused by proin disease.   Prion is a protein and when these proteins cluster together in the brain it causes brain cells to die.


1.2

Memory within humans refers to storing, retention, keeping and recalling of information.   A brain can easy store, retain and recall information with ease.   When dementia is present they might find it difficult in recalling information from long term memory.   This usually happens when the person is distracted or is not concentrating.   Another form of memory loss is when new memories are stored and replaces older memories.   Memory loss due to the ageing process can be defined as being the shrinking of the hippocampus, which is responsible for the storage of long-term memories.   Hippocampus is the first part of the brain...