* Critical thinking is the art of thinking about thinking while thinking in order to make thinking better. It involves three interwoven phases: it analyzes thinking, it evaluates thinking, it improves thinking.
* To think critically you must be willing to examine your thinking and put it to some stern tests
* Critical thinking is the disciplined art of ensuring that you use the best thinking you are capable of in any set of circumstances.
* thinking by skillfully analyzing, assessing, and reconstructing it
* Critical thinking is self-directed, self-disciplined, self-monitored, and self-corrective thinking
* To analyze thinking:
* Identify its purpose, question, information, conclusion(s), assumptions, implications, main concept(s) and point of view
* To assess thinking:
* Check it for clarity, accuracy, precision, relevance, depth, breadth, significance, logic and fairness
* Critical thinking is the systematic monitoring of thought with the end of improvement
* To be fair-minded is to strive to treat every viewpoint relevant to a situation in an unbiased, unprejudiced way
* Fair-mindedness entails the predisposition to consider all relevant viewpoints equally without reference to one’s own feelings or selfish interests, or the feelings or selfish interests of one’s friends, community, or nation
* Intellectual unfairness – opposite of fair-mindedness
* Lack a sense of responsibility to represent accurately and fairly viewpoints with which one disagrees
* Intellectual humility –develop knowledge of the extent of one’s ignorance
* Opposite of intellectual humility is intellectual arrogance
* A natural tendency to think one knows more than one does know
* Intellectual courage – facing and fairly addressing ideas, beliefs, or viewpoints even when this is painful
* Opposite of intellectual courage is intellectual cowardice
* Intellectual empathy – put oneself imaginatively in...