Carbohydrates
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- Category: Science
- Date Submitted: 11/19/2014 03:41 AM
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Carbohydrates
* Contains Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen.
* Three main types are:
1. Monosaccharides
2. Disaccharides
3. Polysaccharides
* The term ‘saccharide’ is derived from the Latin word ‘sacchararum’ meaning the sweet taste in sugars.
Monosaccharides: (contain one sugar unit)
* (CH2O)n – is the basic formula. (E.g. Glucose – (CH2O)6 = C6H12O6
* If n = 3, then it is a triose (e.g. glyceraldehyde), it will always have 3 carbons.
* If n= 5, then it is a pentose (e.g. fructose, ribose), it will always have 5 carbons.
* If n= 6, then it is a hexose (e.g. glucose, galactose), it will always have 6 carbons.
* Monosaccharides are used for:
1. Energy
2. Building blocks.
Isomerism:
* Isomers are compounds with the same molecular formula but not necessarily the same structural formula.
* Monosaccharides can exist as isomers:
1. alpha glucose
2. beta glucose
The derivation of names of monosaccharides:
* Glucose = Greek word for sweet wine, grape sugar, blood sugar, dextrose.
* Galactose = Greek word for milk ‘galact’, found as a component of lactose in milk.
* Fructose = Latin word for fruit ‘fructus’, also known as levulose. Found in fruits and honey, sweetest sugar.
* Ribose = Ribose and Deoxyribose are found in the backbone structure of RNA and DNA.
Disaccharides:
* Formed by two monosaccharides.
* Joined by a glycosidic bond.
* When two monosaccharides join together, a condensation reaction occurs.
Examples of disaccharides:
* glucose + glucose = maltose
* glucose + galactose = lactose
* glucose + fructose = sucrose.
The derivation of names of disaccharides:
* Sucrose (glucose + fructose) = French word for sugar ‘sucre’. In the form of table sugar, can sugar, beet sugar, used in cooking.
* Lactose (glucose + galactose) = Latin word for milk ‘lact’, found in milk.
* Maltose (glucose + glucose) = French word for ‘malt’. Found in...
* Contains Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen.
* Three main types are:
1. Monosaccharides
2. Disaccharides
3. Polysaccharides
* The term ‘saccharide’ is derived from the Latin word ‘sacchararum’ meaning the sweet taste in sugars.
Monosaccharides: (contain one sugar unit)
* (CH2O)n – is the basic formula. (E.g. Glucose – (CH2O)6 = C6H12O6
* If n = 3, then it is a triose (e.g. glyceraldehyde), it will always have 3 carbons.
* If n= 5, then it is a pentose (e.g. fructose, ribose), it will always have 5 carbons.
* If n= 6, then it is a hexose (e.g. glucose, galactose), it will always have 6 carbons.
* Monosaccharides are used for:
1. Energy
2. Building blocks.
Isomerism:
* Isomers are compounds with the same molecular formula but not necessarily the same structural formula.
* Monosaccharides can exist as isomers:
1. alpha glucose
2. beta glucose
The derivation of names of monosaccharides:
* Glucose = Greek word for sweet wine, grape sugar, blood sugar, dextrose.
* Galactose = Greek word for milk ‘galact’, found as a component of lactose in milk.
* Fructose = Latin word for fruit ‘fructus’, also known as levulose. Found in fruits and honey, sweetest sugar.
* Ribose = Ribose and Deoxyribose are found in the backbone structure of RNA and DNA.
Disaccharides:
* Formed by two monosaccharides.
* Joined by a glycosidic bond.
* When two monosaccharides join together, a condensation reaction occurs.
Examples of disaccharides:
* glucose + glucose = maltose
* glucose + galactose = lactose
* glucose + fructose = sucrose.
The derivation of names of disaccharides:
* Sucrose (glucose + fructose) = French word for sugar ‘sucre’. In the form of table sugar, can sugar, beet sugar, used in cooking.
* Lactose (glucose + galactose) = Latin word for milk ‘lact’, found in milk.
* Maltose (glucose + glucose) = French word for ‘malt’. Found in...