World History
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- Category: Science
- Date Submitted: 04/19/2011 06:18 PM
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• Chapter 11
• Motivation and Emotion
• Definitions
• Motivation: “The set of factors that initiate and direct behavior, usually toward the same goal.”
• Emotions: “Psychological events involving:
1) A physiological reaction, usually arousal
2) Some kind of expressive reaction, such as a distinctive facial expression
3) Some kind of subjective experience, such as the conscious feeling of being happy or sad.
• Adaptive Problems
• What activates goal-directed behavior?
1) Reaction to environment
2) Internal states / external events
• What factors create hunger and control eating?
• What factors promote sexual behavior?
1) Survival of the individual -vs- survival of the species.
• How are emotions expressed and experienced, and what functions do they serve?
1) Adaptiveness of emotions
• Activation of Behavior
• Behavior usually has multiple causes, and these may be internal, external, or a combination of the two.
• Internal Factors:
1) Instincts: “Unlearned characteristic patterns of responding that are controlled by specific triggering stimuli in the world.”
2) Drive: “A psychological state that arises in response to an internal physiological need, such as hunger or thirst.”
3) Homeostasis: “The process through which the body maintains a steady state. Such as a constant internal temperature or an adequate amount of fluids.
• External Factors:
1) Incentive motivation: “External factors in the environment that exert pulling effects on our actions.”
• Internal and External factors interact to produce behavior.
• Achievement Motivation
• “An internal drive or need for achievement that is possessed by all individuals to varying degrees.”
• “Need for achievement”
• How hard you will work depends on your expectations of success and...
• Motivation and Emotion
• Definitions
• Motivation: “The set of factors that initiate and direct behavior, usually toward the same goal.”
• Emotions: “Psychological events involving:
1) A physiological reaction, usually arousal
2) Some kind of expressive reaction, such as a distinctive facial expression
3) Some kind of subjective experience, such as the conscious feeling of being happy or sad.
• Adaptive Problems
• What activates goal-directed behavior?
1) Reaction to environment
2) Internal states / external events
• What factors create hunger and control eating?
• What factors promote sexual behavior?
1) Survival of the individual -vs- survival of the species.
• How are emotions expressed and experienced, and what functions do they serve?
1) Adaptiveness of emotions
• Activation of Behavior
• Behavior usually has multiple causes, and these may be internal, external, or a combination of the two.
• Internal Factors:
1) Instincts: “Unlearned characteristic patterns of responding that are controlled by specific triggering stimuli in the world.”
2) Drive: “A psychological state that arises in response to an internal physiological need, such as hunger or thirst.”
3) Homeostasis: “The process through which the body maintains a steady state. Such as a constant internal temperature or an adequate amount of fluids.
• External Factors:
1) Incentive motivation: “External factors in the environment that exert pulling effects on our actions.”
• Internal and External factors interact to produce behavior.
• Achievement Motivation
• “An internal drive or need for achievement that is possessed by all individuals to varying degrees.”
• “Need for achievement”
• How hard you will work depends on your expectations of success and...