Two Statistical Tests - Parametric and Non-Parametric Tests
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- Date Submitted: 03/10/2011 10:10 PM
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Discuss the distinction between two types of Statistical test: Parametric and Non-parametric tests
ANS: Parametric statistical tests assume that the data belong to some type of probability distribution. The normal distribution is probably the most common. That is, when graphed, the data follow a "bell shaped curve". On the other hand, non-parametric statistical tests are often called distribution free tests since don't make any assumptions about the distribution of data. They are often used in place of parametric tests when one feels that the assumptions of the have been violated such as skewed data.
For each parametric statistical test, there is one or more nonparametric tests. A one sample t-test allows us to test whether a sample mean (from a normally distributed interval variable) significantly differs from a hypothesized value. The nonparametric analog uses the One sample Sign test In one sample sign test, we can compare the sample values to the a hypothesized median (not a mean). In other words we are testing a population median against a hypothesized value k. We set up the hypothesis so that + and - signs are the values of random variables having equal size. A data value is given a plus if it is greater than the hypothesized mean, a negative if it is less, and a zero if it is equal. he sign test for a population median can be left tailed, right tailed, or two tailed. The null and alternative hypothesis for each type of test will be one of the following:
Left tailed test: H0: median ≥ k and H1: median < k
Right tailed test: H0: median ≤ k and H1: median > k
Two tailed test: H0: median ≠ k and H1: median = k
To use the sign test, first compare each entry in the sample to the hypothesized median k.
If the entry is below the median, assign it a - sign.
If the entry is above the median, assign it a + sign.
If the entry is equal to the median, assign it a 0.
Then compare the number of + and - signs. The 0′s are ignored.
If there is a...
ANS: Parametric statistical tests assume that the data belong to some type of probability distribution. The normal distribution is probably the most common. That is, when graphed, the data follow a "bell shaped curve". On the other hand, non-parametric statistical tests are often called distribution free tests since don't make any assumptions about the distribution of data. They are often used in place of parametric tests when one feels that the assumptions of the have been violated such as skewed data.
For each parametric statistical test, there is one or more nonparametric tests. A one sample t-test allows us to test whether a sample mean (from a normally distributed interval variable) significantly differs from a hypothesized value. The nonparametric analog uses the One sample Sign test In one sample sign test, we can compare the sample values to the a hypothesized median (not a mean). In other words we are testing a population median against a hypothesized value k. We set up the hypothesis so that + and - signs are the values of random variables having equal size. A data value is given a plus if it is greater than the hypothesized mean, a negative if it is less, and a zero if it is equal. he sign test for a population median can be left tailed, right tailed, or two tailed. The null and alternative hypothesis for each type of test will be one of the following:
Left tailed test: H0: median ≥ k and H1: median < k
Right tailed test: H0: median ≤ k and H1: median > k
Two tailed test: H0: median ≠ k and H1: median = k
To use the sign test, first compare each entry in the sample to the hypothesized median k.
If the entry is below the median, assign it a - sign.
If the entry is above the median, assign it a + sign.
If the entry is equal to the median, assign it a 0.
Then compare the number of + and - signs. The 0′s are ignored.
If there is a...