Child Development
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- Date Submitted: 09/09/2014 12:07 PM
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BOOK 1 Chapter 1 Children and Development
* UNCRC ( 1989) United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child
* James and Prout, 1997 “The immaturity of children is a biological fact but the ways in which that immaturity is understood is a fact of culture…childhood is…constructed and reconstructed both for and by children”
* Charles Darwin Origin of species, 1859 ; Theory of evolution; he challenged beliefs about creation and the relationship of humans to other species
* G.Stanley Hall -child researcher influenced by Darwin’s theories and scientific approach, he believed that infancy, childhood and youth are three bunches of keys to unlock the past history of the race.
* Mussen et al. 1984 Development :” …these changes usually result in new improved ways of reacting- that is in behaviour that is healthier, more organised, more complex, more competent and more efficient”.
Four historical views on Development
* Development as control and discipline
Puritan view: children are sinful
Thomas Hobbes ( English philosopher) -children have natural tendency in expressing dangerous impulses which need to be curbed through discipline and strict training; nature seen as negative force, internal forces
Sigmund Freud – infant is driven by instinctual impulses ( or “id”), these are only regulated by the development of conscience (or “super-ego”) through parental control becoming internalized.
* Development as natural stages
Jean-Jacques Rousseau – opposite to Hobbes: nature as a positive force, the child is inherently good, with natural sense of right and wrong, born with the potential to develop reason and moral judgement, society has a corruptive rather than a positive influence, children are different than adults, , he offered developmental account of childhood; emphasized maturation and stages of development., His book “ Emile or On Education” 1762 about: how children should be...
* UNCRC ( 1989) United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child
* James and Prout, 1997 “The immaturity of children is a biological fact but the ways in which that immaturity is understood is a fact of culture…childhood is…constructed and reconstructed both for and by children”
* Charles Darwin Origin of species, 1859 ; Theory of evolution; he challenged beliefs about creation and the relationship of humans to other species
* G.Stanley Hall -child researcher influenced by Darwin’s theories and scientific approach, he believed that infancy, childhood and youth are three bunches of keys to unlock the past history of the race.
* Mussen et al. 1984 Development :” …these changes usually result in new improved ways of reacting- that is in behaviour that is healthier, more organised, more complex, more competent and more efficient”.
Four historical views on Development
* Development as control and discipline
Puritan view: children are sinful
Thomas Hobbes ( English philosopher) -children have natural tendency in expressing dangerous impulses which need to be curbed through discipline and strict training; nature seen as negative force, internal forces
Sigmund Freud – infant is driven by instinctual impulses ( or “id”), these are only regulated by the development of conscience (or “super-ego”) through parental control becoming internalized.
* Development as natural stages
Jean-Jacques Rousseau – opposite to Hobbes: nature as a positive force, the child is inherently good, with natural sense of right and wrong, born with the potential to develop reason and moral judgement, society has a corruptive rather than a positive influence, children are different than adults, , he offered developmental account of childhood; emphasized maturation and stages of development., His book “ Emile or On Education” 1762 about: how children should be...